International Journal of Advanced Research in Multidisciplinary Sciences eISSN 2581-8996

Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Education and Challenges for Agricultural Scientists

Badri Narayan Mishra1, Rashmi Gore2, Shubham Pandey3 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is increasingly recognized as one of the most significant global challenges of the 21st century. Its impacts extend beyond environmental concerns, significantly affecting agricultural education and the role of agricultural scientists. Assess the effects of climate change on agricultural education and highlights the challenges faced by agricultural scientists in adapting to these changes. It draws on recent literature, case studies, and expert opinions to provide a comprehensive understanding of these issues. Recommendations for educational reforms and research initiatives are proposed to better equip agricultural scientists for the challenges posed by climate change. A summative rating scale with five dimensions’ scientific knowledge of climate change, its causes, changes in climatic parameters, impacts on agriculture, and adaptation and mitigation strategies for agriculture was used to evaluate the perceptions of agricultural scientists. Age, education, work experience, the information sources consulted, and the reliability of the information source were found to have a strong and positive correlation during the inquiry.

Key words: Climate change, educational reforms, climatic parameters, correlation

Bioactive Plant Compounds Against Viral Diseases: A Reviev

Dr. Suresh Kumar Patel1, Mr. Roshan Lal2 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Infectious diseases arise due to penetration of the body tissues by microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungus, and parasite. In modern era, viral infections are one of the main causes of disease globally, due to the increase of migration, global transport and urbanization. There are many antiviral drugs and vaccines available against viruses, but these have several side effects and active mutation of viruses also create drug resistance. In developed countries, 80% of the population depends on traditional medicines for their primary health issues, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Relatedly, India is one of the highest medicinal herbs producing country. Long-term use by human, low toxicity and abundance of bioactive plant compounds led scientists to search herbs as a source for the discovery of more efficient new antivirals. In this review, we focus on the importance of plant extracts and their isolated pure compounds and their potential application in treating or preventing viral diseases.

Keywords: HIV, HSV, Hepatitis C virus, influenza virus, COVID-19, phytochemicals.

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Food Quality and Its Implications for the Nutritional Status and Health of College Going Girls

1Vineeta Yadav1 & 2Dr Kiran Singh — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change is profoundly impacting various facets of human existence, including food systems and nutritional outcomes. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the influence of climate change on food quality, dietary patterns, and nutritional status, along with its implications for human health and well-being. Climate change alters the availability, accessibility, and affordability of diverse food sources, thereby influencing dietary patterns. Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns affect agricultural productivity, leading to changes in crop yields, nutritional content of crops affecting their protein, vitamin, and mineral levels and food availability. Additionally, climate-related extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and storms disrupt food production, distribution, and access, exacerbating food insecurity and malnutrition. Furthermore, climate change impacts the quality of aquatic resources, including fish and seafood, through ocean acidification, rising sea temperatures, and habitat loss. These changes can disrupt marine ecosystems and alter the composition of seafood, potentially impacting human health due to shifts in omega-3 fatty acid levels and the presence of contaminants. Changes in food quality due to climate change impact the nutritional composition of foods, including alterations in macronutrient and micronutrient content. Furthermore, climate-induced environmental stressors affect the quality and safety of food supplies, contributing to food borne illnesses and nutritional deficiencies. In conclusion, understanding the influence of climate change on food quality and dietary patterns have significant implications for nutritional status and health outcomes. Vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant women, and marginalized communities, are particularly at risk of experiencing adverse effects on their nutritional status due to climate change-induced disruptions in food systems.

Keyword-Climate change, Food, Nutritional, Crops

Initiatives Of Nabard For Sustainable Development On Climate Change

Dr. Shishir Srivastava1 & Jyoti Verma2 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Globally, climate change is becoming a real and palpable threat to people's lives. It poses a serious threat to rural livelihoods, food security, and agriculture. Although the effects of climate change are seen worldwide, nations like India are particularly vulnerable because of their large agricultural population, which depends on the monsoon season. India has the difficulty of maintaining its fast economic expansion in the face of the growing global threat posed by climate change. India has already demonstrated its willingness to contribute to the global effort to combat climate change, and the Indian government has made solving these issues a key priority. The policy problem of climate change is intricate and has significant financial ramifications. Costs are a necessary component of all strategies and solutions to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. In order to plan and carry out adaptation and mitigation programs, funding is essential in developing nations. NABARD is currently implementing a number of measures to address the problems brought about by climate change, especially with regard to the rural economy and agricultural sectors. To support adaptation and mitigation efforts in India, NABARD seeks to direct financial resources from the public, private, and international sectors.

Keywords:- climate change, NABARD, mitigation, adaptation.

Socio – economic Impacts of Climate Change: an Overview on Mitigation Approaches

Sonali Kumari1, Vikram Singh2 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Keywords:- climate change, NABARD, mitigation, adaptation.

Consequences of Environmental Pollutants on Human Health

Mrs. Jyoti Maurya1 & Mr. Vivek2 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Developing and Developed countries both are continuously facing the challenges to minimize environmental pollution but it is increasing day by day, which causes various chronic and health conditions. Environmental pollution's role in both chronic and acute health conditions is exacerbated by a lack of sufficient and correct data and management in both developing and developed countries. Environmental contaminants, such as air pollutants (e.g. nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter), water pollutants (e.g. chemicals, heavy metals), and soil pollutants (e.g. industrial waste, pesticides), are well-known contributors to diseases like cardiovascular conditions, respiratory illnesses and certain cancers. However, the challenge lies in the inconsistency and inadequacy of pollution monitoring and waste management systems. In developing countries, poor waste management, higher levels of poverty and slow adoption of new technologies exacerbate the risks. The incompetence to systematically quantify and monitor exposure to pollutants makes it challenging to address the root causes of pollution-related health problems. Meanwhile, in developed countries, safeguards often come very late after much harm has occurred reflecting a reactive rather than proactive approach. This paper aims to address a crucial issue by exploring the relationship between environmental toxins and human health. This Paper also discusses how pollutants affect various biological systems on major health concerns.

Keywords: Pollutants, Environment, Human health, Cardiovascular conditions, Respiratory illnesses.

Impact of Energy Price on the Profitability of the Indian Manufacturing Industry: A Panel Data Analysis

Jomit C P1 and T J Joseph2 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The intricate relationship between energy prices, particularly oil, and the profitability of the manufacturing industry is a critical area of study for economies like India, which are heavily reliant on energy imports. The period from 2000 to 2019 has seen significant fluctuations in oil prices, impacting the cost structures and profit margins of manufacturing firms. Studies have shown that higher oil prices can lead to increased energy efficiency as firms strive to maintain profitability. However, the adverse effects of rising oil prices on production costs and investor sentiment cannot be overlooked, as they directly influence the financial performance of industries. The volatility of oil prices, driven by geopolitical tensions and market dynamics, presents a complex challenge for businesses, affecting everything from production costs to stock market performance. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for policymakers and industry leaders to navigate the economic landscape and foster sustainable growth in the face of energy price instability. The analysis of panel data using fixed effects and random effects models provides valuable insights into the determinants of profitability, highlighting the significant role of oil prices in shaping the industrial sector's financial health.

Keywords: Energy Price, Oil Price, Manufacturing, Panel Regression, Crude oil

The term climate refers to the normal weather conditions of a particular region over a period of years. It is determined by a long-term pattern of oceanic and atmospheric conditions at a location. Our Earth consists of so many geographical regions. The ma

Mr. Girish Chandra Behera1 & Miss. Pranati Priyadarshini2 — Thu, 31 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The term climate refers to the normal weather conditions of a particular region over a period of years. It is determined by a long-term pattern of oceanic and atmospheric conditions at a location. Our Earth consists of so many geographical regions. The major components of climate are temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds averaged over a long period of time. There are different types of climates such as tropical climate, dry climate, mild climate, continental climate, and polar climate. So, climate studies are associated with geography, geology, zoology, meteorology, geophysics, and other subjects associated with the issues of climate formation and climate change. The change of climate in a particular region has an immense impact on other regions of the globe.

There are different adverse effects of climate change, such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, landslides, cyclones, forest fires, acid rain, global warming, depletion of the ozone layer and so on.

Proper education gives direction to human civilization. The aim of education is to promote sustainability and hospitable conditions to the life of every plant and creature in this world. As culture is the living form of human civilization we need to relate science with spiritualism to create motivation for caring and loving nature. As we dare to control nature and dominate other species, its result is dangerous and may threaten human existence on Earth. So, this article tries to discuss all the precautionary measures to safeguard the earth against the adverse effects of climate change. This article has tried to explore the cultural and spiritual significance of natural science to have positive concerns and a caring attitude on the global highway of sustainable development. So, we hope this article would be a good source of information connecting modern education to the traditional Indian knowledge system to satisfy the thirst for knowledge regarding all concerns of climate change.

Keywords: deforestation, resilience, global warming, emission

Legal Incentives for Promoting Sustainable Agriculture: Taxation, Subsidies, and Govt. Programs with a Focus on Farmers' Social Security.

Krishna Ghosh1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sustainable agriculture is vital for India's economy, especially as climate change, environmental degradation, and market instability increasingly affect farmers. This article explores the role of legal incentives, such as tax policies, subsidies, and government programs, in promoting sustainable agricultural practices while ensuring social security for farmers. India's current legal framework includes initiatives like the ‘National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture’ and tax exemptions under the ‘Income Tax Act.’ However, these measures are often insufficient for small and marginal farmers, who make up a significant portion of the farming population. The research highlights that while government schemes offer financial support, they do not always prioritize long-term sustainability or adequately reach vulnerable farmers. The article compares India’s legal approach with international models, such as the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy and the United States' conservation programs, which tie financial support to environmentally friendly practices. These models demonstrate how legal incentives can be directly linked to sustainable agriculture, while also addressing social security concerns. Based on this comparative analysis, the article proposes key reforms for India, including linking subsidies and tax benefits to sustainable farming practices, offering targeted support to small farmers, and developing a unified legal framework that integrates environmental goals with farmers' welfare. The findings suggest that legal reforms are needed to make sustainable agriculture both accessible and economically viable for all farmers. By adopting a more inclusive and cohesive legal framework, India can promote agricultural sustainability while ensuring that farmers, especially smallholders, receive the financial and social protection they need. The article also calls for further research into regional agricultural challenges and the impact of climate change on farming practices in India.

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, legal incentives, social security, taxation, subsidies, government programs, India

Impact of Eucalyptus (E. tereticornis) Agronomy on Macro Nutritional status of soil of Lucknow district (UP), India

Sarika Bajpai1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Eucalyptus Is Recognized As A Key Species In Agroforestry Within India, With A Growing Trend Among Farmers Towards Utilizing Clonal Planting Material Of This Species To Maximize Returns In A Reduced Rotation Timeframe. In The Eastern Region Of Uttar Pradesh, The Adoption Of Eucalyptus Is Advancing, Yet The Selection Of Suitable Clones For Plantations Continues To Pose A Significant Challenge. Agroforestry Provides Various Benefits To Farmers, Establishing Itself As A Sustainable Alternative To Monoculture Systems. The Present Study Investigated The Influence Of Eucalyptus Plantations On Various Physical And Chemical Characteristics Of Soil In The Lucknow District Of Uttar Pradesh, India. Eucalyptus Was Initially Embraced Upon Its Introduction To India; However, It Was Later Discovered That Its Rapid Growth Led To A Significant Reduction In Soil Nutrients, Resulting In Diminished Soil Fertility In Farming Areas. This Situation Necessitated An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Eucalyptus On Soil Nutrient Levels In The Lucknow District. The Research Revealed That Soil Ph And Nutrient Quality Experienced Considerable Changes Following The Introduction Of Eucalyptus.

The Analysis Encompassed Soil Ph, As Well As The Concentrations Of Calcium, Magnesium, Organic Carbon, And Total Nitrogen. Although The Study Indicates A Complementary Relationship, A Significant Limitation Was The Farmers' Insufficient Awareness Of Eucalyptus's Allelopathic Properties.

Key Words:- Eucalyptus, Agroforestry System, Soil Properties, Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, Soil Fertility

Comparative study of soil nutrients and soil fertility status of the terrace farming soil during pre-harvest and post-harvest under Mima Village of Kohima District, Nagaland.

Neikhriehunuo Theunuo1, Krishna Kumar Tiwari2 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of this research, soil fertility status of pre-harvest soil and post-harvest soil were analysed to assess the potentiality of the soil to supply nutrients for healthy growth of plants. Soil is the source of nutrients for crops. The soils were slightly acidic to moderate with pH ranged from 5.7-6.5 and electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 0.021 to 0.205 dS m^-1. Negative correlation was observed between soil pH and EC. The soils organic carbon (OC) was high and low to medium content in available nitrogen and potassium. OC ranged from 0.76 to 1.40 (%) and nitrogen ranged from 188.10 to 501.60 kg ha^-1 respectively. The available potassium (K) is in low to medium range and low to high in phosphorus (P) content. Micronutrients were found to be ranging from deficient to sufficient in content. Water holding capacity were also determined. Study suggested the proper management of water run-off and maintenance of land use for better sustainable agriculture and prevention of nutrients losses.

Key words: Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nutrient index (NI), Micronutrients, Organic Carbon (OC), Kohima.

Exploring Environmental Degradation and Climate Change in Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island

Dr. Deep Shikha Karthik1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Amitav Ghosh's Gun Island (2019) is a work of literary fiction that intricately addresses modern environmental issues, focusing on the effect of climate change and ongoing environmental degradation. Through a mixture of myth, ecological crisis and migration, Ghosh reveals the interconnectedness of human actions and nature, suggesting that understanding the Anthropocene (human age) requires humanity to rethink its place in the world. This article attempts to analyze how Ghosh presents these environmental issues through his narrative-craft, including the use of folklore, migration resulting from ecological disasters, and the role of non-human agents (nature). Linking myths and current environmental realities, Ghosh offers a critical commentary on the Anthropocene, the role of capitalism in environmental destruction, and the human displacement resulting from climate change. This review examines The Gun Island's key environmental themes and sets it into a broader discourse of ecological criticism and climate fiction.

Keywords: Amitav Ghosh, The Gun Island, , climate change, migration, ecological criticism, climate fiction.

Sports And Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis

Dhirendra Chauhan1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The interplay between sports and climate change is an increasingly critical area of concern. Climate change poses significant threats to the viability and safety of various sports, while the sports industry itself contributes to environmental issues through its carbon footprint and resource consumption. This research paper delves into the multifaceted relationship between sports and climate change, exploring the environmental impacts on different sports disciplines, the industry's contributions to climate change, adaptation strategies, and the potential of sports to drive positive change.

Keywords:- Environmental impacts, Sports, Climate Change, Comprehensive Analysis

The Role of Renewable Energy in Mitigating Climate Change: A Case Study of India's Transition to a Sustainable Energy Future.

Abhishek Singh Yadav1, Dr. Madhu Bhatia2 & Prof. R. K. Maheshwari3 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid growth of human population and industrialization, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, has significantly contributed to global climate change, primarily through the increased use of fossil fuels and the rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As the third-largest emitter of GHGs, India faces a critical challenge in balancing its economic development with environmental sustainability. This paper explores India's transition to renewable energy as a strategic response to mitigate climate change while addressing energy security, economic growth, and environmental concerns. Focusing on the period from 1990 to 2023, this research investigates the relationship between fossil fuel consumption, global warming, and the increasing demand for renewable energy. The paper highlights key factors driving India's renewable energy push, including climate change commitments, energy security, and the rising potential of solar and wind energy. Statistical analysis of fossil fuel consumption trends, sectoral GHG emissions, and India's renewable energy adoption underscores the urgency of reducing dependence on coal, oil, and gas.

Keywords:- Green House Gas Emissions, Energy Consumption, Renewable & Non-Renewable Energy Resources.

Water Resources And Climate Change

Dr. Parul Mishra1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate Change Significantly Impacts Water Resources, With Profound Consequences For Global Freshwater Availability, Distribution, And Quality. This Research Paper Explores The Intricate Relationship Between Climate Change And Hydrological Systems, Focusing On Key Areas Such As Altered Precipitation Patterns, Accelerated Melting Of Glaciers And Ice Caps, And Increased Frequency Of Extreme Weather Events. The Research Utilizes A Combination Of Climatological Data, Hydrological Modeling, And Regional Case Studies To Analyze How These Climatic Changes Affect Water Scarcity, Flood Risks, And Ecosystem Health. The Study Reveals That Shifts In Precipitation Patterns Can Lead To Severe Water Shortages In Traditionally Arid Regions, While Increased Rainfall And Storm Intensity Heighten Flood Risks In Other Areas. The Accelerated Melting Of Glaciers Contributes To Short-Term Increases In River Flow But Poses Long-Term Risks Of Reduced Water Availability As Ice Reserves Are Depleted. Furthermore, The Research Highlights The Broader Implications For Agricultural Productivity, Public Health, And Ecological Stability, While Emphasizing That Climate-Induced Water Variability Exacerbates Existing Challenges In Water Resource Management. To Address These Issues, The Research Paper Advocates For The Development Of Adaptive Water Management Strategies That Incorporate Advanced Forecasting Techniques, Flexible Policy Frameworks, And Investments In Sustainable Infrastructure.

The Need For Integrated, Transdisciplinary Approaches Is Underscored, Emphasizing The Implication For Agricultural Productivity, Public Health, And Ecological Stability. Emphasizing That The Importance Of International Cooperation And Collaborative Research In Mitigating The Adverse Effect Of Climate Change On Water Resources, The Findings Of This Research Provide A Foundation For Developing Resilient And Adaptive Water Management Practices, Ensuring The Suitable Management Of Water Resources In The Face Of Ongoing Climatic Shifts.

Keywords:- Climate Change, Water Resources, Hydrological System, Precipitation Patterns, Glacier Melting, Water Scarcity, Adaptive Management.

The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Dr. Priyanka Shukla1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

One of the biggest issues of our day is climate change. The entire scientific community is concerned about the effects of climate change on fragile societies and exposed biological beings. Human illnesses can be caused directly or indirectly by a variety of natural disasters, including heat waves, floods, hurricanes, droughts, fires, forest loss, glaciers, river disappearance, and deserts. Psychiatric research on mental illnesses associated with climate change is conspicuously lacking, nevertheless.

Keywords: climate change, mental health, resilience, migration, vulnerability, climatic and economic turmoil, extreme events.

Climate change and human and environmental health

Sapna Verma1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change presents a fundamental threat to human health. It affects the physical environment as well as all aspects of both natural and human systems – including social and economic conditions and the functioning of health systems. It is therefore a threat multiplier, undermining and potentially reversing decades of health progress. As climatic conditions change, more frequent and intensifying weather and climate events are observed, including storms, extreme heat, floods, droughts and wildfires. These weather and climate hazards affect health both directly and indirectly, increasing the risk of deaths, noncommunicable diseases, the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, and health emergencies. Climate change affects the food we eat, the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the places that provide us with shelter. Climate change can also impact people's health and well-being by altering the frequency or intensity of extreme weather events and spread of certain pests and diseases. The interconnections between climate change and health are well studied.

However, there is a perceived need for studies that examine how responses to health hazards (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, ozone layer effects, allergens, mental health and vector-borne diseases) may assist in reducing their impacts. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence on health responses to climate hazards and list some measures to address them.

Keywords- Climate change, Climate change affects, human, environmental health

Sports And Climate Environmental Issues

Sharad Chandra Rai1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Sports, a universal phenomenon, offer a platform for individuals and communities to engage in physical activity, build camaraderie, and celebrate human achievement. Yet, this global pastime is not immune to the growing threats posed by climate change and environmental degradation. From the increased frequency of extreme weather events that disrupt competitions to the ecological footprints left by major sporting events, the intersection of sports and environmental issues is increasingly evident. This research paper explores the multifaceted relationships between sports and environmental challenges, examining the impact of climate change on sports, the environmental footprint of sporting events, and the sustainability initiatives that are being adopted to address these issues. By analyzing these themes, the paper seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on sustainability within the sporting industry and highlight the critical role sports can play in environmental advocacy.

Keywords- Climate change, Sports, Climate Environmental Issues, sustainability initiatives, environmental footprint.

Global Warming And Climate Change: A Sociological Study

Dr. Pragati Dubey1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Global warming refers to the gradual rise in the earths average temperature due to changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere. The process of global warming is closely related to the idea of green house effect the build of heat trapping green house gasses within the earths atmosphere. Global warming and climate change are pressing issues that transcend environmental concerns, encompassing social, economic, and political dimensions. Sociology provides a critical framework for understanding the human factors driving climate change. Global warming has become the biggest problem of the world today. Not only humans but every living creature on earth is troubled by it. Efforts are being made all over the world to deal with it, but till now no effective solution is visible.

The earth naturally receives heat from the sun's rays. These rays pass through the atmosphere and hit the earth's surface and then get reflected from there and return back. Some greenhouse gases are also present in the earth's atmosphere which form a kind of natural cover over the earth. This cover stops a part of the returning rays, which keeps the earth's atmosphere warm. As the greenhouse gases increase, this cover becomes thicker and starts stopping more rays of the sun. This is where global warming begins.

Keyword- Climate change, Global warming, Green house gasses

Role of Food in Climate Change: Healthy diets for a healthier planet

Dr. Sonal Bhargava1 — Sun, 08 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

“Climate change has happened because of human behaviour, therefore it’s only natural it should be us, human beings, to address this issue. It may not be too late if we take decisive actions today.” -Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General, United Nations

Climate change refers to the changes in weather patterns and temperature over a period of time. These shifts can be natural, due to changes in the sun's activity or large volcanic eruptions. The main greenhouse gases responsible for causing climate change are carbon dioxide and methane. Humans are to blame for global warming, according to climate scientists who have demonstrated that nearly all global heating in the past 200 years can be attributed to human activities. The process of growing, processing, transporting, distributing, preparing, consuming, and sometimes disposing of food generates greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change by trapping heat from the sun. Approximately one-third of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to food production. Among food types, animal-based products, particularly red meat, dairy, and farmed shrimp, are known for their high greenhouse gas emissions. Exploring alternative proteins, like plant-based meat and dairy substitutes, insect-based proteins, and cell-based or cultivated meat, shows great promise and is experiencing growing demand, financial investment, and technological innovation. To reduce emissions from animal agriculture, improving feeds and feeding techniques can help decrease methane production during cattle's digestion and minimize gases released from decomposing manure.

Key Words- Climate Change, Food Production Techniques, Green House Gases, Food and Nutrition Security