Effect of Temperature Variations on Growth and Development of Rice

Abstract

Global food security is seriously threatened by heat stress (HS), which is a result of the earth's temperature quickly rising. Over half of the world's population depends on rice (Oryza sativa L.), a crop whose productivity and quality are frequently decreased by HS. Rice cultivars with increased heat tolerance must be bred immediately. Under HS, rice plants exhibit a variety of morphological and physiological signs. The selection of top germplasm and the discovery of thermotolerance genes depend on a precise investigation of the symptoms (phenotyping). Rice plants respond to HS by starting a chain of events and activating intricate transcriptional regulatory networks. Rice thermotolerance particularly depends on protein homeostasis under HS, which is influenced by protein quality control, efficient removal of harmful proteins, and translational regulation. Rice has adopted certain agronomic and genetic techniques for increasing heat tolerance, but the molecular processes underlying rice response to HS remain obscure, and breeding efforts to create rice thermotolerance have met with only patchy success. In this review, we discuss the effects of HS on rice and the developments in the study of signal cascades and heat-stress sensing, and we suggest methods for enhancing rice thermotolerance in the future.

Keyword-  Effect, Temperature Variations, Growth and Development of Rice.