An Assessment of Uttar Pradesh’s Economic Growth Trajectory in Comparison to BIMARU States: A Post-2011-12 NSDP Analysis

Abstract

This study critically examines the economic growth trajectory of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in comparison to other BIMARU states (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan) in the post-2011–12 period, using Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at current prices as the core metric. Since the 2011–12 base year revision in national accounts, UP has undergone structural transformation driven by policy reforms, industrialization, and infrastructure development. Through a comparative quantitative analysis, this research evaluates absolute and per capita NSDP growth, growth rates, and sectoral shifts across BIMARU states. Findings reveal that UP has experienced robust economic growth, outperforming Bihar and approaching the levels of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The study highlights UP’s accelerated post-pandemic recovery, sectoral diversification, and rise in investment inflows, which suggest a maturing economy on the verge of economic catch-up. However, challenges persist in per capita income growth and employment transitions. The paper concludes that UP's growth trajectory, if sustained through targeted reforms and human capital development, could offer a replicable model for other lagging regions in India.

Keywords: Uttar Pradesh, BIMARU states, NSDP, Economic Growth, Per Capita Income, Sectoral Shifts, Infrastructure Development, One District One Product (ODOP), GSDP, Post-2011 Analysis, Policy Reforms, Comparative Study, CAGR, Economic Transformation, Regional Development.